![]() One notorious quote by Carleton on the Mescalero Apache:Īll Indian men of that tribe are to be killed whenever and wherever you can find them. ![]() In October 1862, Carleton established Fort Sumner to house captured Mescalero Apache, despite warnings of its unsuitability for a large human presence. It was led by Christopher “Kit” Carson, leading New Mexican militia and California Volunteers. His first campaign was against the Mescalero Apache led by Mangas Coloradas. While New Mexico department commander, Carleton concentrated on the threat posed by Apache and Navajo raiders. In fall 1862 Carleton also decreed several security measures including internal passports, curfews, and martial law. Uncertain whether the Confederates would re-invade, Carleton took measures such as maintaining spies along the New Mexico–Texas border and retaining the services of volunteer units from Colorado which had played a prominent role in expelling the Confederates from New Mexico in winter and spring 1862. Although a strict disciplinarian, he remained popular with his men. Carleton’s troops were delayed two weeks by a huge flood of the river that year, eventually crossed at San Diego Crossing and with followed after the rearguard of Sibley‘s Confederate army through El Paso as far as Fort Davis, seizing control of southern New Mexico of most of West Texas.Īfter the Confederate threat to New Mexico seemed eliminated, Canby and many of the Union forces were sent to the east and in late August, Carleton was placed in command of the Department of New Mexico. The advance force of the California Column reached the Rio Grande at abandoned Fort Thorn, New Mexico on July 4, finally linking up with Union forces under Gen. As a result, he established Fort Bowie near Apache Pass to guard this critical place on the road between the Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers. Then marched east engaging the Apache for the first time at the Battle of Apache Pass. Along the way the Californians fought the Battle of Picacho Pass and captured Tucson in Arizona. In 1862 he commanded the so-called California Column during its advance across California, Arizona, New Mexico, and into Texas.Ĭarleton was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on April 28, during the march from California to Arizona. George Wright as commander of the District of Southern California. In 1861 Carleton raised and was appointed colonel of the 1st California Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Civil War service – General James Henry Carleton Regiment lost during service 2 Officers and 18 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 35 Enlisted men by disease. Expedition against Indians in Central Arizona Decem– January 1, 1865. Carleton’s Command at Las Cruces August 10, 1862, Companies “A,” “B,” “I” and “K” at Fort Craig. Companies “D,” “E,” “F” and “G” joined Gen. Evacuation of Albuquerque and Santa Fe March 2-4, 1862 (1 Co.). of New Mexico throughout the war, operating against Indians. This knapsack has a significant history.ĭuty in the Dept. James Henry Carleton, participated in several engagements against numerous native Americans, in the territories of New Mexico and Arizona, as well as tracking attempted incursions by Confederates under Gen. They participated in an expedition in Arizona, from December of 1864 until January of 1865, also to engage “hostiles”. infantry had a rather unusual war period record – they spent virtually the entire war period in the Department of New Mexico, battling Indians. The black painted canvas body of the knapsack has the usual areas of stress tears, but generally, the knapsack, which we have stuffed with archival tissue paper, remains in very good, highly displayable condition. This example retains all of its original straps and various brass hooks, as well as all but one of the original rawhide ties on the inside flap cover. This regimental designation is completely original to the Civil War period we have only had one other, original, regimentally painted knapsack – original examples of these are quite rare. Uniquely though, this example has painted, in bright red, on one side of the exterior, the following: Infantry – This Civil War issue, soft-pack, knapsack is an example of the typical knapsack issued to most U.S. Original Regimentally Painted, Civil War Knapsack – Co.
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